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本帖最后由 zacisme 于 2012-5-4 12:10 AM 编辑
其实大家都有各自的经历与想法,也感激你们对国家的未来努力,必竟一个国家是需要有人执行与监督。
只是在我 ...
无聊笨小孩 发表于 2012-5-3 10:36 PM 
转贴自cari:
How Anwar performed as Finance Minister
安华作为财政部长时的表现如何
Whatever you may think of Anwar, he did manage to reduce the country’s budget deficit (as a percentage of GDP) and later even presided over surplus years.
不管你怎么样看待安华,他当时的确成功地减少了国家预算赤字(占GDP的比重),甚至还在这之后主导过有财政盈余的好几年。
马来西亚政府预算案国内生产总值百分比

资料来源:www.tradingeconomics.com | 马来西亚政府,财政部
Anwar was appointed Finance Minister in 1991 in the Mahathir administration and deputy PM in 1993. He was ousted from power in 1998.
安华是在1991年马哈迪掌政时期被任命为财政部长以及在1993年被任命为副首相。他在1998年时失权下台。
Some (including me) may have reservations about what they perceive to be his neo-liberal inclinations, but it has to be said that we haven’t seen a surplus since Anwar was unceremoniously thrown out of office.
许多人(包括我)可能对他们眼里所谓的,他(安华)的新自由主义倾向有所保留,但必须得说的是自从安华被毫不客气地扔出(政府)办公室后,我们就没有看到国家财政出现盈余了。
In fact, those five years of surpluses are the only years the government has achieved a surplus from 1970 until now.
事实上,那五年的财政盈余是政府自1970年以来直到现在所仅有的。
No kidding – look at the figures from 1970 (figures from Bank Negara).
这可不是开玩笑,看看这个自1970年的图表(图表来自于国家中央银行)

图表: 收入 | 支出 | 盈余/赤字(-)| 总发展开支 | 减除:贷款回收率 | 净发展开支 | 总体盈余/赤字(-)
[url= http://aliran.com/7537.html]http://aliran.com/7537.html[/url]
Towards a bankrupt Malaysia?
朝向破产的马来西亚?
Subramaniam Pillay looks at the worrying rising trend of federal government debt and wonders if Malaysia will go bankrupt. At our current rate of borrowing, it won’t take long before we become another Greece.
苏布拉马尼亚姆·皮莱(笔者)眼看着联邦政府债务令人堪忧的上升趋势,并试想马来西亚是否终将破产。从我们目前的借贷率看来,不用多长时间我们就会变成下一个希腊。
联邦政府数以10亿马币计的债务

That the budget that was tabled in the Dewan Rakyat on 7 October 2011 was an election budget is very clear. There have been numerous detailed comments on the budget by politicians and analysts (since then). In this article, we are just going to focus on one of the long term issues from the budget. It concerns the increasing debt burden of the federal government.
那个于2011年10月7日在国会下议院提交的预算案很明显地就是选举预算。(在那时候起就)一直有很多政治家和分析家对该预算案提出许多详尽的看法及意见。在这篇文章中,我们只是把重点专注在该预算案的其中一个长期问题。
How big is the government debt?
政府的债务有多大?
The accompanying chart shows the federal government’s outstanding debt at the end of the successive years. As can be seen, the debt has been increasing since 1970. From the detailed data available form Bank Negara’s website, in 1991, it reached a temporary peak of RM99bn and then decreased to RM90bn by 1997. From then, it has been virtually doubling every five years. By the end of 2011, we can expect the figure to reach RM450bn.
附图所示的是联邦政府在连续几年年尾所未偿还的债务。可以看出,该债务自1970年起就不停增加。从国家中央银行的网站上面所可取得的详尽数据里可以获知,在1991年,它达到了990亿令吉的暂时性巅峰,之后在1997年下滑到了900亿令吉.从那以后,它几乎每五年翻倍。在2011年年底,我们可以预期这个数字将会达到4500亿令吉。
In other words, since the Asian crisis of 1998, we have been growing by borrowing heavily. In the 10 years since 1999, our debt has quadrupled. If we continue on this path, by 2020, our national debt will reach RM1.6 trillion. If our population is 40 million then, each Malaysian will have a debt burden of more than RM40000 and this does not include our own personal borrowing. Assuming an interest rate of 5 per cent, paying the interest alone will cost the taxpayers RM80bn per year!
换句话说,自1998年亚洲(金融)危机以来,我们一直通过大量的借贷来(实现经济)增长。自1999年以来的10年中,我们的债务翻了四倍。如果我们继续照这条路走,在2020年,我们的国家债务将会达到1.6万亿令吉。如果我们的人口还是4千万,那么(理论上)每一个马来西亚人将是要承担超过4万令吉的债务,而这还不包括我们自己的个人贷款。如果利率假设在5%,单单支付利息每年就要花费纳税人800亿令吉!
The government has been reassuring us by saying that our debt is manageable. It argues that the debt at the end of 2012 will be only 54 per cent of our GDP, which is relatively low compared to the current crisis nations like Greece and Italy. (GDP is a measure of the total value of all the goods and services produced in a year in the country.) While it may not reach the levels of Greece by 2012, at our current rate of borrowing it won’t take long before we become another Greece. Just to put this in perspective, our giant neighbour, Indonesia has a debt of only 23 per cent of GDP! Singapore has no debts.
政府一直叫我们放心说我们的这些债务是可处理的,它辩称该债务在2012年底将只会是我们生产总值的54%,也就是与现有的危机国家如希腊和意大利相对而言较低(国内生产总值(GDP)是衡量每年在全国生产的所有商品和服务的总价值。). 尽管它可能不会达到2012年的希腊水平,但从我们目前的借贷比率来看不用多久我们将会变成另一个希腊。就整体来看,我们庞大的邻国,印尼的债务只占国内生产总值的23%!新加坡则完全没有债务。
The federal government debt alone does not tell the full story. Many government-owned enterprises also have borrowings. If these figures are included, then the total debt would be much higher. It is difficult to get the complete data on these borrowings.
联邦政府的债务本身还不足以道出所有真相。很多政府的国有企业也有许多借贷。如果将这些数字包括在内,那么债务总额更会高出许多。而要得到这些借贷的完整数据是很困难的。
Why has the debt been growing so rapidly?
债务何以增加的如此迅速?
Since the 1998 Asian Financial Crisis, the government expenditure has consistently exceeded its revenue by a considerable margin. For example, in 2011 the spending is estimated to be RM229bn while the revenue will be only RM183bn. So the shortfall of RM46bn has to be met by borrowing.
自1998年亚洲金融危机以来,政府的开支一直以来都在可观的幅度上超过其收入。举个例子,在2011年的总花费估计是2290亿令吉,而总收入将只有1830亿令吉。所以460亿的短缺必须得通过借贷来满足。
Of course it is not expected that the government balances its books every year. Prudent economic management requires the government to balance its budget over an entire business cycle. So we can have deficits during bad years and budget surpluses during good years. Since 1998, we have had at least two business cycles; yet every year without fail we have had budget deficits!
当然(我们)不能预期政府能够每年在帐目上保持收支平衡。审慎的经济管理需要政府在整个商业周期来平衡它的预算。也就是说我们可以在不景气的余年有赤字而在好景气的余年有盈余。自1998年以来,我们曾有过至少两次的商业周期,然而我们毫无例外地每年总是会有预算赤字!
This is evidence of fiscal irresponsibility. Here is a government which does not know the meaning of saving for a rainy day. A good example is the situation in the current year.
这就是一个财务上不负责任的证据。这就是一个不懂得什么是未雨绸缪以备不时之需的政府。今年的情况就是一个很好的例子。 |
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